Uxhaso lobuchwepheshe

Uxhaso lobuchwepheshe

Abangaphakathi kubunjineli be-greenhouse bathi ii-greenhouses zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-greenhouses, ezifana ne-glasshouses, ii-greenhouses zeplastiki, njl njl. Isakhiwo se-greenhouse kufuneka sitywinwe kwaye silondoloze ubushushu, kodwa kufuneka kube lula ukukhupha umoya kunye nokupholisa.Iiprojekthi zale mihla zegreenhouse zinezixhobo zokulawula ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye neemeko zokukhanya, nokusebenzisa iikhompyutha.Ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenza ezona meko zilungileyo zokusingqongileyo kwizityalo.Umhleli ulandelayo uya kukwazisa kwiindlela ezilishumi elinanye zokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse!

1. Ukulinganisa umhlaba kunye nokubeka umgca:Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo se-greenhouse yelanga, i-angle ye-azimuth ilinganiswa ngeplate, kwaye iikona ezine ze-greenhouse zizimisele, kwaye iimfumba zibekwe kwiikona ezine ze-greenhouse, kwaye ke izikhundla ze-gable kunye ne-gable. udonga olungasemva luzimisele.

2. Ukwakha udonga:Umhlaba osetyenziselwa ukwakha udonga lomhlaba unokuba ngumhlaba ongaphandle kodonga lwangasemva lwe-greenhouse, okanye umhlaba ongaphantsi kwendawo elinywe ngaphambili kwi-greenhouse.Ukuba usebenzisa umhlaba ozolileyo phambi kwendlu eluhlaza, unokugrumba umaleko wekhuba (omalunga ne-25 cm ubukhulu), uwubeke ecaleni, kwaye unkcenkceshele umhlaba okrwada ezantsi.Emva kosuku, yomba umhlaba okrwada ukwenza udonga lomhlaba.Okokuqala, i-plywood ngokobunzima bodonga lomhlaba, gcwalisa umhlaba omanzi osanda kukhutshwa, kwaye udibanise ne-earth tamping okanye i-electric tamping.Uluhlu ngalunye lumalunga ne-20 cm.Emva kokucofa umaleko omnye, yenza umaleko wesibini de ufikelele kubude obufunekayo.I-gable kunye nodonga lwangasemva kufuneka lwenziwe kunye, kungekhona kumacandelo, ngale ndlela kuphela abanokuqina.Ukuba i-viscosity yomhlaba ayanele, inokuxutywa kunye neengqolowa zengqolowa.Kwezinye iindawo, i-viscosity yomhlaba iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye udonga alukwazi ukwakhiwa ngokubetha.Ngeli xesha, umlinganiselo othile womququ wengqolowa kunye nodaka unokuxutywa emhlabeni ukwenza i-adobes.Emva kokuba i-adobes yomile, iindonga ze-adobe zingasetyenziswa.Xa kusakhiwa iindonga, kufuneka kusetyenziswe udaka lwengca phakathi kweendonga, kwaye udaka lwengca kufuneka lutyatyekwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kodonga.Ngethuba lokwakhiwa kodonga lwezitena, isiseko kufuneka sifakwe i-tamped ngaphambi kokuba udonga lwakhiwe.Ngethuba lokwakha, udaka kufuneka lugcwale, izitena ezidibeneyo kufuneka zidibanise, indawo edibeneyo kufuneka ifakwe, kwaye ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwodonga kufuneka ifakwe ukuze kuphephe ukuvuza komoya.I-void phakathi kodonga lwezitena kunye noluhlu akufanele lube lukhulu okanye luncinci.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ububanzi bomngxuma bulawulwa phakathi kwe-5-8 cm.Umngxuma akufanele ushiywe ukuya ekupheleni, kwaye izitena kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukudibanisa iileyile rhoqo kwiimitha ezi-3-4 ukuphucula ukuqina kodonga.Udonga olungenanto lunokuzaliswa nge-slag, i-perlite, okanye i-wheat straw, okanye akukho nto yongezwayo.Kusetyenziswa ukugquma umoya kuphela.Udonga olunomngxuma ngaphandle kokuzaliswa kufuneka lungabi nazintanda.Xa uphahla lwezitena luvulekile, kungcono ukusebenzisa umququ wodaka ukutywina uphahla nge-30 cm, ukwenzela ukuba udonga lwangasemva kunye nophahla lwangasemva ludibaniswe ngokusondeleyo, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation kuphuculwe.

3. Iikholamu ezingcwatyiweyo kunye neetrasi zophahla:Ngokwemizobo, misela indawo yekholomu nganye kwaye uyiphawule ngekalika.Yomba umngxuma ubunzulu obuyi-30-40 cm kwaye usebenzise ilitye njengonyawo lwentsika ukuthintela intsika ukuba ingaziki.Emva koko faka i-digger kwikholamu yangasemva.Intloko ibekwe kwikholamu, kwaye umsila useludongeni olungasemva okanye ngasemva.Beka i-3-4 purlins kwiintsika.I-ridge purlins idibaniswe kumgca othe tye, kwaye ezinye ii-purlins ziphazamisekile.Ukuthintela i-purlin ukuba ihlehle, ibhloko encinci yomthi inokubethelelwa kwi-purlin kwindawo engezantsi ye-purlin ukuze i-jam i-purlin.Ezinye iigreenhouses zisebenzisa kuphela uprights ukuxhasa purlins zomqolo.

4. Emva kokugquma uphahla:gubungela i-purlin okanye i-rafter kunye nomgca wefilimu yeplastiki yenkunkuma, kwaye ubeke iziqu zengqolowa kwiibhanti kwifilimu, i-directional perpendicular to purlin okanye i-rafter.Emva koko usasaze umququ wengqolowa okanye umququ kwiindiza zombona, uze usasaze umaleko wefilimu yeplastiki kwiindiza zombona, kwaye usasaze udaka lweendiza kuwo.Uphahla olungasemva lwenziwe ngeendiza kunye neendiza zengqolowa ezisongelwe kumaleko amabini efilimu yeplastiki ukwenza isigqubuthelo esifana nesigqubuthelo.Ukusebenza kokufakelwa kwe-thermal kuphuculwe kakhulu kunophahla oluqhelekileyo olungasemva ngaphandle kwefilimu yeplastiki.Emva kokuba uphahla lwangasemva lugqunyiwe, sebenzisa udaka lwengca ukusula ngokuqinileyo uxhulumaniso phakathi kwecala elingaphakathi lophahla olungasemva kunye nodonga olungasemva lwendlu eluhlaza.

5. Yomba umsele ongenakubanda:Yomba umsele ongenakubanda obungama-20 cm ububanzi nama-40 cm ubunzulu phambi kwendlu eluhlaza.

6. Ucingo lwelothe oluzinzileyo lwe-ankile engcwatyiweyo kunye nomgca wokulamisa kuphahla olungasemva:Beka iqhekeza leNombolo ye-8 yocingo oluhambayo olulingana nobude kwi-greenhouse ephantsi komsele wobungqina obubandayo, kunye neehange zomhlaba ezihlatywe kuyo.Ii-ankile zomhlaba zenziwe ngamakhonkco entsimbi kuzo zombini iziphelo.Ngocingo olukhokelayo, bopha isitena okanye intonga yokhuni kwintambo yokukhokela rhoqo ngeemitha ezi-3 ngokomgama phakathi kwee-arches eziza kungcwatywa, kwaye uyibeke phakathi kwezi zinto ezisisigxina.Ngaphandle kodonga olungasemva lwendlu eluhlaza;ukugrumba imingxuma yokungcwaba iiankile zomhlaba ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokuba umgama phakathi kwee-ankile zomhlaba unokunyuswa ukuya kwi-2-3 yeemitha, kwaye umhlaba unokuzaliswa ngokuqinileyo emva kokungcwatywa, kunye nekhonkco eliphezulu le-ankile yentsimbi ibonakaliswe. emhlabeni.Kuphahla olungasemva lwendlu eluhlaza, tsala iqhekeza leNombolo yesi-8 yocingo olukhokelayo, uze uzingcwabe zombini iziphelo zalo emhlabeni ngaphandle kwegayibhile yendlu eluhlaza.Xa ungcwaba abantu, bopha izinto ezinzima entloko.Lungisa ucingo olulothe ngocingo olulothe okanye intambo yenayiloni, bopha isiphelo esinye kucingo olukhokelayo kunye nelinye kwi-ankile yentsimbi engcwatywe ngaphandle kodonga olungasemva.

7. Uphahla phambi kokwakhiwa:Lungisa indawo yekholomu ethe nkqo ngaphambi nangemva kokungcwatywa, ukwenzela ukuba imiqolo kunye neekholomu zekholamu ethe nkqo zilungelelaniswe, kwaye i-bamboo slices kufuneka idityaniswe kunye.Ubude bufanele bufaneleke.Esinye isiphelo sifakwe kumsele wobungqina obubandayo, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi i-cold-proof Icala elingasezantsi lomsele lityhalwa ngokuqinileyo ngezitena, kwaye i-angle kufuneka ibe yinto yokuba i-arch i-perpendicular emhlabeni okanye ithotyelwe kancinci emazantsi xa kumiswa.Ukubopha imiqadi kwiikholam ezixhasa uphahla lwangaphambili.Imiqadi iku-20-30 cm ukusuka phezulu kumqolo ngamnye weentsika.I-gui encinci yokuxhoma ifakwe kwiiplanga.Iziphelo eziphezulu kunye nezisezantsi zeentsika ezincinci zokuxhoma kufuneka zibe ne-perforated, kwaye i-No., Bend i-arch pole, enye isiphelo sekholamu encinci yokunqunyanyiswa iboshwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-arch pole, kwaye enye isiphelo sixhaswa kwi-boam kwaye siboshwe ngokuqinileyo.Isiphelo esiphezulu se-arch sinokufakwa kwi-ridge purlin.Emva koko, qhubeka ulungisa ikholamu encinci yokuxhoma ukwenza ukuphakama okufanayo kwendawo efanayo yophahla lwangaphambili.

8. Ifilimu egqumayo:Kukho amaphepha amabini okanye amathathu efilimu kwi-greenhouse.Xa kusetyenziswa amaphepha amabini, ububanzi buziimitha ezi-3 kunye neemitha ezi-5 ngokulandelanayo, kwaye xa kusetyenziswa amaphepha amathathu, ububanzi buziimitha ezi-2, i-4 yeemitha kunye neemitha ezi-2 ngokulandelanayo.Okokuqala, buyisela umva kwelinye icala le-3m okanye i-2m yefilimu ebanzi, uyinamathisele nge-adhesive okanye uyintsimbi kwi-5-6cm ityhubhu ebanzi, faka intambo yedrako yodongwe, kwaye ulungise ifilimu ye-3m ububanzi kumgama we-2.5m ukusuka umhlaba.Ilungiswe kumgama weemitha ezi-1.5 ukusuka emhlabeni kunye nobubanzi beemitha ezi-2.Ifilimu iqala ukuqengqeleka ibe ngumqulu, kwaye izaliswe ngomhlaba kumsele wobungqina obubandayo ngelixa igubungela kwaye iqinisa.Intambo ye-nylon kufuneka iqiniswe, kunye nefilimu, ingcwatywe phantsi komhlaba kwi-gable ye-greenhouse.Enye okanye ezimbini zeefilimu ezingentla ziphinde zifakwe kumqulu, enye isiphelo singcwatywa emhlabeni ngokuchasene ne-gable, kwaye emva koko isasazeke kwelinye icala, kwaye ekugqibeleni ingcwatywe emhlabeni kufuphi ne-gable ekupheleni.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulungisa ukuphela kwefilimu kufuphi nophahla lwangasemva.Enye kukulungisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-purlin yomqolo kunye ne-bamboo kunye nezikhonkwane zentsimbi;enye kukuyilungisa kwi-spine purlin nge-bamboo kunye nezikhonkwane zentsimbi kwaye emva koko uyisonge emva.Bopha kuphahla olungasemva.Ububanzi bephahla emva kwe-buckle malunga ne-0.5-1 yeemitha, ngakumbi ngcono, kunye nodaka lwengca kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukuyidibanisa.Le ndlela inefuthe elingcono lokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-thermal insulation kuphahla olungasemva ngaphandle kokongeza ifilimu yenkunkuma.

9. Umgca welaminating osisigxina:Emva kokuba ifilimu igubungele, kufuneka icinezelwe kwaye ilungiswe ngomgca we-laminating.Umgca we-laminating unokuba yi-polypropylene greenhouse greenhouse ekhethekileyo ye-laminating line, okanye inokutshintshwa yintambo ye-nylon okanye ucingo lwentsimbi.Akukho mfuneko.Kungcono ukusebenzisa umgca we-laminating ozinikeleyo.Okokuqala ubophe umgca we-laminating kwiNombolo ye-8 yocingo olukhokelela eluphahleni olungasemva lwe-greenhouse, uyiphose phantsi kwi-greenhouse, kwaye uyicinezele kwifilimu phakathi kwee-arches ezimbini, kunye nendandatho ye-anchor ekupheleni kwezantsi. qinisa kwaye uyibophe.Umyalelo wokulungisa umgca we-laminating ubhityile kuqala, emva koko uxinene, okokuqala ulungisa imigca emininzi yokuqhawula kunye nomgama omkhulu, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ulungisa umgca we-laminating phakathi kwe-arch nganye.Bobabini umgca we-laminating kunye nefilimu yeplastiki inomlinganiselo othile we-elasticity, kwaye umgca we-laminating kufuneka ulungiswe ngosuku lwesibini nolwesithathu;yiqinise ngamaxesha angama-2-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixinzelelwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye ifilimu yophahla lwangaphambili luyi-wavy shape.

10. Ingca yengca yangaphezulu kunye neqhiya lephepha:Iphepha lenziwe nge-4-6 imigangatho ye-kraft paper.Ingca yengca yenziwe ngeendiza okanye ikati.Ububanzi bengca yengca buyi-1.2-1.3 yeemitha kunye nobubanzi bengca yecattail buzimitha ezi-1.5-1.6 ukugquma indlu eluhlaza.Ukuba akukho qhiya yephepha, inokogquma ingca ephindwe kabini okanye yandise ukuhlangana phakathi kwengca yengca.Ingca yengca nganye ifulelwe kabini okanye kancinane kunobude bengca efulelwe.Intambo yenayiloni iyatsalwa ize ibekwe, kwaye iziphetho ezimbini zentambo nganye zibotshelelwe ngokulandelelanayo kwicala elinye icala lengca, zenza amarhintyela amabini okurhintyela ingca yengca.Tsala ezi ntambo zimbini kumphezulu wengca ukufulela ukuqengqeleka okanye ukutyhila ingca efulelwe kuphahla lwangaphambili lwendlu eluhlaza.Ingca eqengqelekayo iyahexa okanye ibekwe enye emva kwenye kuphahla olungasemva.Ukuze kuthintelwe ingca ukuba ingatyibiliki, ilitye elinye okanye izitena ezibini okanye ezithathu zinokuvaleka emva komqulu ngamnye wengca.

11. Unyango lwabafuduki:I-greenhouse yelanga inokugcina umnyango kudonga olusempuma lwe-greenhouse.Umnyango kufuneka ube mncinci kangangoko.Kufuneka kwakhiwe igumbi lokugquma ngaphandle komnyango.Amakhethini kufuneka axhonywe ngaphakathi nangaphandle komnyango, ngokuqhelekileyo kungekhona kwi-gable esentshona okanye udonga olungasemva lwe-greenhouse.Hlala emnyango.